Mobile radio and the potential risks of electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones and antennas have been a topic of public debate since the late 1990s. How dangerous is “electrosmog” or non-ionising high-frequency radiation for health? This question concerns residents living near mobile phone antennas who attribute their headaches to it or worry about their children. It concerns homeowners who see their properties devalued, and mobile phone providers who have to search longer and longer for suitable locations for antennas. The question also concerns authorities that regulate mobile phone coverage and radiation exposure, as well as scientists, technicians and doctors. At present, there is no clear scientific proof that mobile phone radiation poses a health risk below the existing limits. At the same time, however, science can never provide “proof of harmlessness” for methodological reasons alone. This and the disagreement of scientists on the evaluation of their findings opens the field for a broad public debate.